The argument for veganism: a case for moral consistency
If you are against animal cruelty, moral consistency leads to only one conclusion: you should be vegan. Here’s why:
Cruelty is inherent in all animal farming industries. In the dairy industry, cows are forcibly impregnated, and their calves are stolen from them within 24 hours of birth, causing immense emotional distress for both the mother and the calf. Pigs in the meat industry are gassed to death. In the egg industry, chicks are blended alive shortly after hatching—just to name a few examples.
Each of these acts is clearly animal cruelty, yet they’re all standard, legal practice. To say that you are against animal cruelty is to say that you are against the very foundation of animal farming. Even on the most “humane” farms, there is one act of cruelty that is universal to all farmed animals: the killing. No matter how well an animal is treated during their life, their life is still taken for human convenience.
Veganism means putting the idea that animal cruelty is wrong into action by, as far as practicable, forfeiting all products derived from animals, including meat, dairy, eggs, leather, wool, etc.
Not sold yet? Below are responses to many of the common rebuttals to veganism.
Ethical Arguments
I don’t want to go vegan +
Most people don't at first, but we all know that the
right thing to do is often not what we want to do. It’s
important to remember that eating meat, dairy, and eggs
doesn’t just affect you, but the individuals whose
bodies and secretions we consume as well. Let’s be
honest: if you’ve made it this far, you know that going
vegan is the right thing. You just need to dive in and
give it a shot. Start today, procrastination kills.
For help going vegan, check out challenge 22.
Animals aren’t someone +
Animals might not have as sophisticated of brains as us, but they have brains nonetheless. They feel things both physically and emotionally. They have a subjective experience. What about them isn't someone? If you disagree, watch a video of animals playing with each other, or a video of them being harmed. Does it look like they aren't feeling anything?
Animals are worth less than humans +
Veganism doesn't claim that non-human animals are worth as much as humans. It simply claims that non-human animals' lives are worth more than our taste buds. What do you value more, taste or life?
Fish don’t feel pain +
It can be harder to empathize with fish because they don’t express pain through vocalization and facial expressions like we do, but they certainly do feel pain. A meta-analysis of 98 studies titled, “Evolution of nociception and pain: evidence from fish models”, published by The Royal Society, found that “there is ample evidence to demonstrate that it is highly likely that fish experience pain…”. Just because they don't express pain the same way we do doesn't mean they don't feel it.
I buy my meat from humane farms +
Even on the most humane farms, all animals are killed at a fraction of their natural lifespan. How do we justify killing someone who wants to live when we don’t have to? Is there a humane way to do that? Would it still be humane if it were done to a dog? What about a human? If your pet had to be euthanized, would you be comfortable sending them to a “humane” slaughterhouse?
Hunting is moral +
How do we justify killing someone who wants to live when we don’t have to? Even if hunting causes a painless death, it still takes away years of life from an animal. Additionally, animals have families–they are mothers, fathers, siblings, and partners. When we kill a wild animal, we aren’t just taking their life; we’re taking them away from those who care about them. All of that when we could just eat plants instead.
Fishing is moral +
Imagine someone putting a treat on a hook at the end of a line and waiting for a dog to come along. When one finally does, the hook pierces their tongue, and the person reels them in–only to hold them under water for as long as they feel like. Eventually, they put the dog out of their misery by smashing their head. No one would find catching a dog in this way moral, yet it’s exactly how most pole fishing is done. So why is it acceptable to treat fish in this way but not dogs?
It’s better for the animals to have lived than not +
Even if they live a good life, bringing someone into existence does not justify ending their life whenever we please. If that were true, a dog breeder could justify killing and eating their dogs, and a mother could justify ending her child’s life just because she gave birth to them.
The animals are already dead when I buy them +
When you purchase animals, you create a demand, which tells producers to raise more. The point of going vegan isn’t to save the animals already on the shelf; it’s to keep more from going there.
Plants feel pain +
Plants don’t have a brain or a central nervous system with which to feel. There’s also no evolutionary reason for plants to feel pain–pain motivates animals to escape harm, but since plants can’t move, there’d be no purpose for them to feel anything. Even if plants could somehow feel pain, the amount of plants we feed to animals far outweighs the amount we’d need to consume directly. Going vegan minimizes harm either way.
Humans are at the top of the food chain +
All this means is that humans are the most powerful. Does this justify causing harm to less powerful species? If “might makes right” is a valid moral argument, then any act of oppression is morally justified, since the oppressor is more powerful than the oppressed and therefore has the right to do what they want. Remember what Spiderman said: with great power comes great responsibility.
Eating animals is part of the circle of life +
The circle of life just means that everyone who is born will die. Does this mean we have the right to decide when and how beings die? Is murder justified because “that person was going to die someday anyway?” The fact that death happens naturally doesn't mean we should actively cause it.
What if you were stranded on an island +
The idea of veganism is not that killing animals is wrong in all situations, it’s that killing (or harming) animals unnecessarily–when we have other options–is wrong. It might be justified to kill an animal when you’re stranded on an island, but if you’re reading this, you’re not stranded on an island. You likely have access to grocery stores, plenty of plant-based foods, and endless resources online on how to thrive without harming animals. Why choose to kill when you don’t have to?
God gave us dominion +
Dominion doesn’t mean the right to do whatever we want–it means responsibility. Parents have dominion over their children, and kings have dominion over their people, but that doesn’t give them the right to harm those in their care. Instead, it means they have the duty to protect and do what’s best for them. In the case of animals, whats best for them is not being exploited and killed. And if God is good, how could he be pleased with his creation being needlessly harmed?
Eating meat is natural/lions eat meat +
Does something being natural make it moral? Look at all the suffering that happens in nature; animals raping each other, eating their young, eating each other alive– is this really what we should base our morals on? Do we really want to make lions, who by the way have to eat other animals to survive, the standard for our morals?
Our ancestors ate meat therefore it’s moral +
Our ancestors did lots of things that we would now consider immoral–slavery, rape, and incest for example–are these things moral now because our ancestors did them? Additionally, in many cases our ancestors had to eat meat, but we don’t. Why would we choose to cause immense harm to animals just because our ancestors had to?
A vegan diet is unhealthy +
Cleveland Clinic, The American Dietetic Association, and Harvard University, among many other trusted medical bodies all disagree; they say that a well-planned plant-based diet can be healthy for all stages of life, including childhood and pregnancy. In fact, it can even have very positive health benefits, such as lower risks of heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. But even without the positive health benefits of a vegan diet, so long as we can be healthy without harming others, don’t you think we should?
Our ancestors ate meat therefore we need meat to survive +
We actually have evidence that some of our ancestors didn’t eat meat. But ultimately, our ancestors were opportunistic hunters, and what they ate does not determine what we need to eat today. Modern nutrition science tells us that we can thrive on a well-planned plant-based diet (see “A vegan diet is unhealthy”).
Humans are omnivores +
It’s true that humans can eat both plants and animals, but that doesn’t mean we have to eat both (see "A vegan diet is unhealthy") or that doing so is morally justified. The real question is: should we harm and kill animals just because we can?
Vegans can’t get enough protein +
Scientific research has shown us that humans can easily get adequate protein from plants. A 2019 peer-reviewed study even concluded by saying, “We recommend that further study on protein in vegetarian diets shift away from unnecessary questions about protein adequacy…”. Foods like seitan, tofu, lentils, beans, and hemp seeds can fulfill all of your protein goals without causing unnecessary harm to animals. Even those with higher protein needs, like athletes and bodybuilders, can thrive without consuming animal products–just look at the many successful vegan athletes and strength trainers.”
Vegans can’t get a natural source of B12 +
Yes, vegans need to get B12 from supplements or fortified foods, but that's neither difficult nor unhealthy. Plus, most farmed animals are given synthesized B12 anyway, so by eating them, you're just getting unnatural B12 secondhand. Now, why sentence an animal to death when you could just take a supplement instead?
Being vegan is unhealthy for kids +
Major health organizations, including the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, confirm that a well-planned plant-based diet is safe and nutritionally adequate for children. A balanced plant-based diet can provide all the nutrients your child needs while reducing their risk of chronic diseases later in life. Like any diet, it requires proper planning, but as a parent, you already make dietary choices for your children every day. Choosing a plant-based diet is simply a decision to align nutrition with compassion and sustainability, and to raise your kids to have compassion for all living beings.
Fake meat/processed food is unhealthy +
Most fake meats aren’t designed to be health foods– they’re made to replicate the taste and texture of meat. Whether they’re healthier than their animal-derived alternatives depends on the brand and ingredients, but many contain less saturated fat, and none contain cholesterol. If you’re worried about processed foods, you don’t have to eat them–there are plenty of whole- food plant-based alternatives, like black bean burgers or portobello mushroom steaks. And let's be real–vegans aren’t the only ones who eat processed food. You probably already have a bunch in your pantry right now!
Vegans look sick and weak +
Some vegans certainly do look sick and weak, as do some meat eaters, but that’s a reflection of their individual health and lifestyle, not veganism itself. Many meat eaters also look unhealthy–does that, in and of itself, mean that meat is unhealthy? Of course not! If you think all vegans are frail, look up Patrik Baboumian, a record-holding strongman, and come back.
Health Arguments
Being vegan is expensive +
It depends on what you eat. If you rely heavily on alternative meats and cheeses, your grocery bill might be higher. But, a whole food plant-based diet is actually much cheaper than an omnivorous one. Foods like beans, rice, lentils, tofu, and vegetables are among the most affordable and nutritious items in the grocery store. Being vegan doesn’t have to be expensive– it just depends on how you approach it.
Going vegan is hard +
There are plenty of online support groups that will help you on your journey. Check out Challenge 22, Veganuary, or Vegan Bootcamp. Just take it one meal at a time, and don't be afraid of failure–you got this!
I could never give up bacon/cheese +
-said every vegan ever before going vegan. But they did, and you can too. Just think about the animals that suffered immensely for that bacon or cheese, and try a vegan challenge such as challenge 22, Veganuary, or Vegan Bootcamp.
Eating animals is my personal choice +
Your personal choices are only truly personal if they don’t harm others. Being vegan isn’t about your personal health, it’s about not contributing to a system of animal abuse and cruelty. If eating animals is a personal choice, why would you choose to contribute to that system?
One person won’t change anything +
What if everybody said that? Every movement in history has been championed by individuals standing up for what they believe in. Be part of the movement toward a kinder world for animals.
I only eat animal products occasionally +
If someone told you they kick dogs but only occasionally, would you praise them for not doing it more, or would you want them to stop kicking dogs altogether? The same logic applies to eating animal products–harming animals by buying animal products is still wrong, even if it’s only on Tuesdays.
Eating animal products is part of my culture/tradition +
Many things that we now see as immoral–dog fighting, human sacrifice, slavery–have been or still are part of various cultures. Does that make them right? Put yourself in the animals’ place: imagine being locked in a cage your whole life, only to be killed so that a more powerful species could eat you. Would you be okay with your unfair life knowing it’s part of their culture, or would you feel like it was wrong to treat you like that?
Vegan food tastes bad +
Vegan food can be just as delicious as anything else– it’s all in how you prepare it. Most of your favorite recipes can be made plant-based with simple swaps: use plant milks instead of cow’s milk, tofu or legumes instead of meat, and various substitutes for eggs depending on the dish. With a little creativity (and Google), you can enjoy your favorites while staying true to your values.
Animals can’t engage in social contracts. +
The moral price tag of this argument is high. If you justify eating animals because they don’t engage in social contracts, you would have to accept that any harm done to any non-human animal who isn’t owned by someone else is moral. That includes abusing, torturing, and killing dogs, cats, pandas, gorillas, orcas, and any other animal you can think of–no matter the reason. Importantly, if you say harming animals is okay only if they’re necessary, then eating animals is moral only when it’s necessary (which in most modern societies it isn’t). You must also say that animals have no inherent worth as individuals, and that their only worth comes from their relationship to certain humans. Are you willing to accept that? If you reject dog farming as immoral, why make an exception for pigs, cows, and chickens?
Eating animal products is legal +
Does something being legal make it moral? This would mean that morality is dictated by where and when you live. By this logic, being gay would be wrong in certain parts of the world but not others.
84% of vegans quit. +
The study this number comes from actually found that 84% of vegans and vegetarians abandon their diet, while the number for vegans is only 70%. That may still sound high, but next to the average recidivism rate of 97% for all diets, it’s actually quite low. More importantly, most former vegans and vegetarians in that study originally went plant-based for health reasons, not for the animals. Those who go vegan for ethical reasons are much less likely to revert. And all that is not to even mention the fact that the study was done over 10 years ago, when vegan food was much less accessible than it is now.
What about other unethical industries? +
There are other unethical industries besides animal farming, but that doesn’t justify supporting this one. The difference is that animal products always involve suffering, and the packaging tells you right away. You don’t have to research whether a certain dairy product came from a cow who had her baby stolen–you know it did. We can’t be perfect, but that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t try to do better.
Environmental Arguments
Practical and Social Arguments
Eating local meat is better for the environment +
Eating locally can reduce food miles, but transportation only makes up a small amount of the environmental impact of animal products. The vast majority of animal agriculture’s environmental impact comes from the farming itself–through methane emissions, land use, feed production, and water consumption. This study by the University of Oxford found that even the least sustainable plant-based diet is better for the environment than the most sustainable meat-based diet.
Regenerative farming is better for the environment +
Regenerative farming can improve soil health and sequester some carbon, but it doesn’t erase the environmental impact of raising animals. Even the most sustainable forms of animal agriculture still require vastly more land and resources than growing plants directly for human consumption. This study by the University of Oxford found that Even the most sustainable meat-based diet is still less environmentally friendly than the least sustainable plant-based diet.
Crop farming also kills animals +
It’s true that crop farming can unintentionally harm small animals, but raising animals for food requires more crops than eating plants directly does. According to Our World in Data, if everyone went vegan we could reduce the amount of land used for food by 75%. So if you care about crop deaths, you should still go vegan. Veganism isn’t about being perfect and causing no deaths, it’s about reducing the amount of harm and death we cause as much as we can.
Soy farming is bad for the environment +
Soy farming contributes largely to deforestation (especially in the Amazon), water use, and carbon emissions–which is just one more reason to go vegan. About 70-75% of soy is grown for animal feed, while only 7% is for direct human consumption. And that’s only one way in which animal farming is bad for the environment. In the most comprehensive study we have to date looking at the effect of our food choices on the environment, researchers at the University of Oxford found that going vegan is the “single biggest way” to reduce your negative environmental impact.
There isn’t enough land to feed everyone plant-based +
This argument seems to forget that the animals we raise have to eat plants as well, and that we have to grow much more plants to feed to animals for consumption than we do if we just eat the plants ourselves. According to Our World In Data, if everyone went vegan we could reduce the amount of land used for food by 75%. That means an area roughly the size of Russia, the U.S., and Argentina combined could be freed up by everyone going vegan.
Vegan diets rely heavily on monoculture crops +
Monocropping is a huge issue in modern agriculture, but it’s not caused by veganism. In fact, the vast majority of monoculture crops like soy and corn are grown to feed livestock, not humans. According to Union of Concerned Scientists, only about 6% of soy grown worldwide is turned directly into food for humans, while 70-75% is turned into feed for animals. In other words, eating animal products to avoid monocropping is like smoking cigarettes to avoid getting lung cancer.
We need animals for crop fertilizer. +
Animal manure is commonly used for fertilizer, but it isn’t necessary. Crops can be grown with plant-based fertilizers like compost, cover crops, and nitrogen- fixing plants. Veganic farming offers a sustainable alternative to animal-based without the environmental and ethical costs.